Operative Surgery and Topographic Anatomy — International Students — Lesson 7

Topographic anatomy of the brain and facial parts of the head. Fronto-parietal-occipital, temporal and mastoid regions. Primary surgical treatment of craniocerebral wounds. Decompression and osteoplastic trepanation of the skull. Operations for depressed fractures. Surgical anatomy of the mastoid process. Anthrotomy. The facial part of the skull, areas, features of the blood supply. Cellular spaces.

Questions

1. Skull, skull shapes, bone sutures, fontanelles.
2. The cerebral part of the skull arch. The outer and inner base of the skull.
3. The arch of the skull. Paired and unpaired areas.
4. Topographic anatomy of the frontal-parietal-occipital region. Neurovascular bundles and features of arterial and venous blood supply. Cellular spaces.
5. Topographic anatomy of the temporal region, cellular spaces.
6. Topographic anatomy of the mastoid process. Division into quadrants, projections of anatomical formations. The Shipo trepanation triangle.
Trepanation of the mastoid process, possible complications.
7. The inner base of the skull. Anterior, middle and posterior cranial fossa. Topographic and anatomical features of fractures of the skull base. The contents of the cranial pits. Types of purulent complications and ways of spreading infection.
8. Topographic anatomy of the membranes of the brain and the intervertebral spaces. Features of blood supply to the membranes of the brain.
9. Sinuses of the dura mater.
10. Scheme of craniocerebral topography (Kreinlein) in adults.
11. Blood supply to the brain. Systems of internal carotid and vertebral arteries. Arterial (Willisian) circulatory system. Venous blood circulation of the brain.
12. Topographic anatomy of the facial part of the head.
13. Topographic anatomy of the eye socket, nose. Accessory nasal cavities.
14. Topographic anatomy of the lateral area of the face (buccal, parotid-chewing and deep).
15. Features of blood supply to the facial part of the head.
16. Cellular spaces of the facial part of the head.
17. Primary surgical treatment of craniocerebral wounds and face.
18. Trepanation of the skull. Types of trepanations. Indications. Tools.

Tests

• Operative surgery and topographic head anatomy tests
• Veins of the face and sinuses of the dura mater.
• Deep arteries and nerves of the facial region.
• Vilisian circle.
• Cavernous sinus (frontal section).
• Layers of the cranial vault on the frontal section.

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